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تُحْفَةُ الْأَطْفَالِ
✍️ سُلَيْمَانُ الْجَمْزُورِيُّ
منظومةٌ في أحكام التجويد: النون الساكنة والتنوين، والميم الساكنة، والمدود.
🎼 الكلمات
🔠 حجم الخط
👆 انقر المقطع لتشغيله، أو 🔁 لتكراره
▶ 0:13
يَقُولُ رَاجِي رَحْمَةِ الْغَفُورِ • دَوْمًا سُلَيْمَانُ هُوَ الْجَمْزُورِي
Sulaymān al-Jamzūrī, ever hoping for the mercy of the Forgiving, says:
▶ 0:23
الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ مُصَلِّيًا عَلَى • مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِهِ وَمَنْ تَلَا
Praise be to Allah, sending blessings on Muḥammad, his family, and all who follow.
▶ 0:33
وَبَعْدُ هَذَا النَّظْمُ لِلْمُرِيدِ • فِي النُّونِ وَالتَّنْوِينِ وَالْمُدُودِ
Now then: this is a poem for the seeker, on the nūn, tanwīn, and the elongations.
▶ 0:43
سَمَّيْتُهُ بِتُحْفَةِ الْأَطْفَالِ • عَنْ شَيْخِنَا الْمِيهِيِّ ذِي الْكَمَالِ
I named it 'Tuḥfat al-Aṭfāl', from our perfect shaykh al-Mīhī.
▶ 0:54
أَرْجُوهُ أَنْ يَنْفَعَ الطُّلَّابَا • وَالْأَجْرَ وَالْقَبُولَ وَالثَّوَابَا
I hope it benefits the students, and brings reward, acceptance, and recompense.
▶ 1:04
لِلنُّونِ إِنْ تَسْكُنْ وَلِلتَّنْوِينِ • أَرْبَعُ أَحْكَامٍ فَخُذْ تَبْيِينِي
For a silent nūn and for tanwīn there are four rulings — so take my explanation.
▶ 1:14
فَالْأَوَّلُ الْإِظْهَارُ قَبْلَ أَحْرُفِ • لِلْحَلْقِ سِتٌّ رُتِّبَتْ فَلْتَعْرِفِ
The first is iẓhār before the throat letters — six, arranged; so know them.
▶ 1:24
هَمْزٌ فَهَاءٌ ثُمَّ عَيْنٌ حَاءُ • مُهْمَلَتَانِ ثُمَّ غَيْنٌ خَاءُ
Hamza, then hā, then ʿayn, ḥā (both un-dotted), then ghayn and khā.
▶ 1:34
وَالثَّانِي إِدْغَامٌ بِسِتَّةٍ أَتَتْ • فِي يَرْمُلُونَ عِنْدَهُمْ قَدْ ثَبَتَتْ
The second is idghām into six letters gathered in 'yarmulūn'.
▶ 1:44
لَكِنَّهَا قِسْمَانِ قِسْمٌ يُدْغَمَا • فِيهِ بِغُنَّةٍ بِـ (يَنْمُو) عُلِمَا
But they are two kinds: one merged with ghunna, known by 'yanmū'.
▶ 1:55
إِلَّا إِذَا كَانَا بِكِلْمَةٍ فَلَا • تُدْغِمْ كَـ (دُنْيَا) ثُمَّ (صِنْوَانٍ) تَلَا
Except when both are in one word — then do not merge, as in 'dunyā' and 'ṣinwān'.
▶ 2:05
وَالثَّانِي إِدْغَامٌ بِغَيْرِ غُنَّهْ • فِي اللَّامِ وَالرَّا ثُمَّ كَرِّرَنَّهْ
The second idghām is without ghunna, into lām and rā — so repeat it well.
▶ 2:15
وَالثَّالِثُ الْإِقْلَابُ عِنْدَ الْبَاءِ • مِيمًا بِغُنَّةٍ مَعَ الْإِخْفَاءِ
The third is iqlāb before bā: the nūn becomes a mīm with ghunna and concealment.
▶ 2:25
وَالرَّابِعُ الْإِخْفَاءُ عِنْدَ الْفَاضِلِ • مِنَ الْحُرُوفِ وَاجِبٌ لِلْفَاضِلِ
The fourth is ikhfāʾ — obligatory for the diligent — before the remaining letters,
▶ 2:35
فِي خَمْسَةٍ مِنْ بَعْدِ عَشْرٍ رَمْزُهَا • فِي كِلْمِ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ قَدْ ضَمَّنْتُهَا
in fifteen letters whose key I have placed in the words of this verse:
▶ 2:45
صِفْ ذَا ثَنَا كَمْ جَادَ شَخْصٌ قَدْ سَمَا • دُمْ طَيِّبًا زِدْ فِي تُقًى ضَعْ ظَالِمَا
'Ṣif dhā thanā kam jāda shakhṣun qad samā — dum ṭayyiban zid fī tuqan ḍaʿ ẓālimā.'
▶ 2:56
وَغُنَّ مِيمًا ثُمَّ نُونًا شُدِّدَا • وَسَمِّ كُلًّا حَرْفَ غُنَّةٍ بَدَا
Nasalize a doubled mīm and a doubled nūn, and call each a 'letter of ghunna'.
▶ 3:06
وَالْمِيمُ إِنْ تَسْكُنْ تَجِي قَبْلَ الْهِجَا • لَا أَلِفٍ لَيِّنَةٍ لِذِي الْحِجَا
A silent mīm, coming before the letters — except a soft alif — for the discerning,
▶ 3:16
أَحْكَامُهَا ثَلَاثَةٌ لِمَنْ ضَبَطْ • إِخْفَاءٌ اِدْغَامٌ وَإِظْهَارٌ فَقَطْ
has three rulings for whoever masters them: ikhfāʾ, idghām, and iẓhār only.
▶ 3:26
فَالْأَوَّلُ الْإِخْفَاءُ عِنْدَ الْبَاءِ • وَسَمِّهِ الشَّفْوِيَّ لِلْقُرَّاءِ
The first is ikhfāʾ before the bā; call it 'labial' (shafawī) for the reciters.
▶ 3:36
وَالثَّانِي إِدْغَامٌ بِمِثْلِهَا أَتَى • وَسَمِّ إِدْغَامًا صَغِيرًا يَا فَتَى
The second is idghām into its like (a mīm); call it 'small idghām', O young one.
▶ 3:46
وَالثَّالِثُ الْإِظْهَارُ فِي الْبَقِيَّهْ • مِنْ أَحْرُفٍ وَسَمِّهَا شَفْوِيَّهْ
The third is iẓhār in the rest of the letters; call it 'labial' (shafawī).
▶ 3:56
وَاحْذَرْ لَدَى وَاوٍ وَفَا أَنْ تَخْتَفِي • لِقُرْبِهَا وَالِاتِّحَادِ فَاعْرِفِ
Beware it not hide at wāw and fā, due to nearness and shared point — so know.
▶ 4:07
وَبِالثَّلَاثَةِ تَبْيِينُهَا انْحَصَرْ • مَثَلٌ وَجِنْسٌ وَقُرْبٌ قَدْ ظَهَرْ
By these three its explanation is bounded: identical, of one kind, and near.
▶ 4:17
وَالْمَدُّ أَصْلِيٌّ وَفَرْعِيٌّ لَهُ • وَسَمِّ أَوَّلًا طَبِيعِيًّا وَهُو
The madd is of two types: original and secondary; call the first 'natural', and it is
▶ 4:27
مَا لَا تَوَقُّفٌ لَهُ عَلَى سَبَبْ • وَلَا بِدُونِهِ الْحُرُوفُ تُجْتَلَبْ
that which depends on no cause, nor are the madd letters drawn in without it;
▶ 4:37
بَلْ أَيُّ حَرْفٍ غَيْرِ هَمْزٍ أَوْ سُكُونْ • جَا بَعْدَ مَدٍّ فَالطَّبِيعِيَّ يَكُونْ
rather any letter other than hamza or sukūn coming after a madd is the natural madd.
▶ 4:47
وَالْآخَرُ الْفَرْعِيُّ مَوْقُوفٌ عَلَى • سَبَبْ كَهَمْزٍ أَوْ سُكُونٍ مُسْجَلَا
The other, the secondary, depends on a cause, such as a hamza or a recorded sukūn.
▶ 4:57
حُرُوفُهُ ثَلَاثَةٌ فَعِيهَا • مِنْ لَفْظِ (وَايٍ) وَهْيَ فِي (نُوحِيهَا)
Its letters are three — grasp them — from the word 'wāy', and they are in 'nūḥīhā'.
▶ 5:08
وَالْكَسْرُ قَبْلَ الْيَا وَقَبْلَ الْوَاوِ ضَمْ • شَرْطٌ وَفَتْحٌ قَبْلَ أَلْفٍ يُلْتَزَمْ
A kasra before yā, a ḍamma before wāw is the condition; a fatḥa before alif is required.
▶ 5:18
وَاللِّينُ مِنْهَا الْيَا وَوَاوٌ سُكِّنَا • إِنِ انْفِتَاحٌ قَبْلَ كُلٍّ أُعْلِنَا
The soft (līn) letters are yā and wāw made silent, when a fatḥa before each is declared.
▶ 5:28
لِلْمَدِّ أَحْكَامٌ ثَلَاثَةٌ تَدُومْ • وَهْيَ الْوُجُوبُ وَالْجَوَازُ وَاللُّزُومْ
The madd has three lasting rulings: obligation, permissibility, and necessity.
▶ 5:38
فَوَاجِبٌ إِنْ جَاءَ هَمْزٌ بَعْدَ مَدْ • فِي كِلْمَةٍ وَذَا بِمُتَّصِلٍ يُعَدْ
Obligatory if a hamza comes after a madd in one word — counted as 'connected'.
▶ 5:48
وَجَائِزٌ مَدٌّ وَقَصْرٌ إِنْ فُصِلْ • كُلٌّ بِكِلْمَةٍ وَهَذَا الْمُنْفَصِلْ
Lengthening or shortening is permitted if separated, each in its word — 'disconnected'.
▶ 5:58
وَمِثْلُ ذَا إِنْ عَرَضَ السُّكُونُ • وَقْفًا كَـ (تَعْلَمُونَ نَسْتَعِينُ)
And like that is when a sukūn occurs on stopping, as in 'taʿlamūn' and 'nastaʿīn'.
▶ 6:08
أَوْ قُدِّمَ الْهَمْزُ عَلَى الْمَدِّ وَذَا • بَدَلْ كَـ (آمَنُوا) وَ (إِيمَانًا) خُذَا
Or when the hamza precedes the madd — this is 'badal', as in 'āmanū' and 'īmānan'.
▶ 6:19
وَلَازِمٌ إِنِ السُّكُونُ أُصِّلَا • وَصْلًا وَوَقْفًا بَعْدَ مَدٍّ طُوِّلَا
Necessary (lāzim) when the sukūn is original, in joining and stopping, after a long madd.
▶ 6:29
أَقْسَامُ لَازِمٍ لَدَيْهِمْ أَرْبَعَهْ • وَتِلْكَ كِلْمِيٌّ وَحَرْفِيٌّ مَعَهْ
The kinds of lāzim are four: the word-type (kilmī) and the letter-type (ḥarfī) together,
▶ 6:39
كِلَاهُمَا مُخَفَّفٌ مُثَقَّلُ • فَهَذِهِ أَرْبَعَةٌ تُفَصَّلُ
each being light or heavy — so these are four to be detailed.
▶ 6:49
فَإِنْ بِكِلْمَةٍ سُكُونٌ اجْتَمَعْ • مَعْ حَرْفِ مَدٍّ فَهْوَ كِلْمِيٌّ وَقَعْ
If in a word a sukūn gathers with a madd letter, it is word-type (kilmī).
▶ 6:59
أَوْ فِي ثُلَاثِيِّ الْحُرُوفِ وُجِدَا • وَالْمَدُّ وَسْطُهُ فَحَرْفِيٌّ بَدَا
Or if found in a three-letter name with the madd in its middle, it is letter-type (ḥarfī).
▶ 7:09
كِلَاهُمَا مُثَقَّلٌ إِنْ أُدْغِمَا • مُخَفَّفٌ كُلٌّ إِذَا لَمْ يُدْغَمَا
Both are heavy if merged; each is light when not merged.
▶ 7:20
وَاللَّازِمُ الْحَرْفِيُّ أَوَّلَ السُّوَرْ • وُجُودُهُ وَفِي ثَمَانٍ انْحَصَرْ
The letter-type lāzim occurs at the openings of sūras; confined to eight letters.
▶ 7:30
يَجْمَعُهَا حُرُوفُ (كَمْ عَسَلْ نَقَصْ) • وَعَيْنُ ذُو وَجْهَيْنِ وَالطُّولُ أَخَصّ
Gathered by 'kam ʿasal naqaṣ'; and ʿayn has two ways, the long being more particular.
▶ 7:40
وَمَا سِوَى الْحَرْفِ الثُّلَاثِي لَا أَلِفْ • فَمَدُّهُ مَدًّا طَبِيعِيًّا أُلِفْ
Whatever is not a three-letter name without an alif — its madd is taken as natural.
▶ 7:50
وَذَاكَ أَيْضًا فِي فَوَاتِحِ السُّوَرْ • فِي لَفْظِ (حَيٌّ طَاهِرٌ) قَدِ انْحَصَرْ
That too is in the openings of sūras, confined to the words 'ḥayyun ṭāhirun'.
▶ 8:00
وَيَجْمَعُ الْفَوَاتِحَ الْأَرْبَعْ عَشَرْ • (صِلْهُ سُحَيْرًا مَنْ قَطَعْكَ) ذَا اشْتَهَرْ
The fourteen opening letters are gathered by 'ṣilhu suḥayran man qaṭaʿka' — well known.
▶ 8:10
وَتَمَّ هَذَا النَّظْمُ بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ • عَلَى تَمَامِهِ بِلَا تَنَاهِي
This poem is complete, by the praise of Allah, upon its completion without end.
▶ 8:21
أَبْيَاتُهُ (نَدٌّ بَدَا) لِذِي النُّهَى • تَارِيخُهَا (بُشْرَى لِمَنْ يُتْقِنُهَا)
Its verses are (naddun badā) for the wise; its date is (bushrā li-man yutqinuhā).
▶ 8:31
ثُمَّ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ أَبَدَا • عَلَى خِتَامِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ أَحْمَدَا
Then prayers and peace forever upon the seal of the Prophets, Aḥmad,
▶ 8:41
وَالْآلِ وَالصَّحْبِ وَكُلِّ تَابِعِ • وَكُلِّ قَارِئٍ وَكُلِّ سَامِعِ
and upon the family, the Companions, every follower, every reciter, and every listener.